Networking

curl -i vs curl -I vs curl -v: The Three Flags That Confuse Everyone If you\’ve ever searched \”how do I get just the headers from curl?\” you\’ve seen this mess: One Stack Overflow answer says curl -I Another says curl -i A third says curl -v A fourth recommends curl -X HEAD -i (which... » read more

Debian apt Stuck on “Waiting for headers”: A Root-Cause Field Guide You run sudo apt update and it freezes. The progress bar stops at 0% [Waiting for headers] or 23% [Waiting for headers], the cursor blinks for ten seconds, then thirty, then two minutes. Eventually either the connection times out and you get Connection failed,... » read more

Why ftp Still Ships in Your Linux Box (And What It’s For in 2026) Try which ftp on a fresh Debian 12 install. It’s there. Ask why — and you’ll get the same short answer every sysadmin gives: “It’s shipped because /usr/bin/ftp(1) is in POSIX. Nobody actually uses it anymore. We use SSH for everything.”... » read more